Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are special proteins that are secreted by cells of the immune system to protect against foreign agents (microorganisms, toxins). There are 5 types of antibodies depending on their function: A, D, E, G, M.

IgE is special among other antibodies. The peculiarity lies in the negative impact on the body. There is also one positive function – protection from parasites.

However, the clinical significance of the test is due to the ability of IgE to cause allergic reactions. The principle of allergy development is that due to a malfunction in the immune system, immunoglobulin begins to perceive any molecule (dust particle, orange, animal hair) as potentially dangerous. Further, after the first contact with such a molecule, specific IgE (i.e. against this very substance) is produced in huge quantities. The next time the body makes contact, these immunoglobulins signal the mast cells, which immediately release allergic substances into the bloodstream. At this point, there are manifestations of allergies – swelling, itching, redness, watery eyes. Sometimes the allergic reaction is so severe that a life-threatening condition occurs - the swelling can cause a person's airways to close or blood pressure to drop critically.

For the doctor, it is necessary to test both total IgE (to find the cause of a disease - such as allergic rhinitis or bronchial asthma) and specific IgE to find the specific allergen - to know what the patient is allergic to.

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