Lipoprotein (a) (lipoprotein a small, Lp(a)) is a special lipoprotein (a) type, it consists of a low-density macromolecule (X-LDL) and a protein known as apolipoprotein (a). Lp (a) is recognised as a “dangerous relative” of bad cholesterol (LDL) because it has high atherogenic and thrombogenic activity in the body.

The main mechanisms of action of Lp (a) include its participation in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, inhibiting the process of fibrinolysis (dissolution of blood clots) and inhibiting transforming α growth factor. This may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

Lp (a) level is usually genetically determined and is largely independent of factors such as age, sex, diet and physical activity. However, some renal pathologies may increase Lp (a) levels due to reduced catabolism of its particles.