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Cholesterol under the Christmas tree: how to keep the holidays from "loading" your blood vessels

New Year is a time of magic, joy and, of course, lavish feasts. We immerse ourselves in the festive atmosphere with pleasure, enjoying delicious food and drinks. But, no matter how beautiful these days are, they can be a real challenge for our body. This is especially true for lipid metabolism. Let's find out why New Year holidays can have a negative impact on fat metabolism and how to minimise the risks.

New Year's "paradox": holiday for stomach, stress for blood vessels

New Year's feasts are usually characterised by an abundance of fatty, fried, smoked and sweet dishes. These are just some of the factors that contribute to an increase in bad cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides:

  • Overeating: During the holidays, we often eat more than usual, which leads to excess calories and higher blood fat levels.
  • Fatty foods: Traditional New Year's Eve foods such as mayonnaise salads, fried meats and cakes are rich in saturated fats, which contribute to LDL levels.
  • Abundance of sweets: Candies, biscuits, cakes and other sweets are high in sugar, which is converted into triglycerides in the body, which also has an adverse effect on cholesterol.
  • Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption, especially hard alcohol, can increase triglyceride levels and, consequently, total cholesterol.
  • Reduced physical activity: During the holidays, we often sit more than we move, which slows down metabolism and contributes to fat storage.

How can holidays affect your cholesterol levels?

As a result of the festive "feast", the level of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) may increase and the level of "good" cholesterol (HDL) may decrease. This, in turn, increases the risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attacks and strokes.

How do you protect yourself and your cholesterol over the holidays?

Of course, no one is urging you to give up the festive mood and your favourite dishes. However, a moderate approach and some tricks will help you minimise the negative impact of the holidays on cholesterol levels:

  • Don't overeat: Try to eat moderate portions and be mindful of feeling full.
  • Choose the "right" fats: Favour dishes cooked with olive oil or grilled rather than deep-fried.
  • Increase your fibre intake: Add more vegetables, fruit and wholemeal bread to your holiday menu. Fibre helps lower cholesterol levels.
  • Limit sweets: Enjoy desserts moderately, favouring natural sweets such as fruit.
  • Moderate alcohol: Don't overindulge in alcohol, especially hard alcohol. Choose lighter drinks and consume them in reasonable quantities.
  • Keep moving: Despite the holidays, make time for walking, dancing or other physical activity.
  • Keep taking your prescribed medications: If you are taking cholesterol-lowering medications, remember to take them during the holidays.

Post-holiday "detox"

After the holidays are over, don't forget:

  • Check lipid metabolism levels (lipidogram). If there is cause for concern, see your doctor;
  • Return to a healthy diet;
  • Exercise regularly.

In conclusion:

The New Year holidays are a wonderful time, but you shouldn't forget about your health. Moderation and a conscious approach to nutrition will help you enjoy the holidays without compromising your cholesterol and overall health. May the New Year bring you only health and joy!

Lipoprotein (a): "Bad" cholesterol is not everything!

Everyone knows that cardiovascular disease is a global problem that threatens millions of people around the world. And what is the cause of this epidemic? It cannot be "bad" cholesterol and wrong lifestyle only. There is another, lesser-known but no less dangerous risk factor which is lipoprotein (a).

What is lipoprotein (a)?

Imagine a small molecule like "bad" cholesterol (LDL), but with a "tail" of protein attached to it. This "tail" is called apo(a) and it makes this lipoprotein (a) so dangerous.

Why is lipoprotein (a) dangerous?

Lipoprotein (a) "sticks" to the walls of arteries and promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and blood clots, which can block blood vessels and cause:

  • Coronary heart disease as narrowing of the arteries that can lead to myocardial infarction.
  • Stroke as impaired blood flow to the brain that can lead to paralysis

Factors affecting lipoprotein (a) levels:

  • Genetics: Lipoprotein (a) levels depend largely on genetic predisposition. About 20% of people in the world have genetically high level of lipoprotein (a).
  • Nutrition: Excessive intake of trans-isomers of fatty acids;
  • Diseases: Kidney pathology.

What to know:

  • Lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for CVD, i.e. its effect on the heart is independent of other factors such as blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure or smoking. 
  • It is not as easy to control compared to "bad" cholesterol (LDL). Diet and exercise can help, but it may not always be enough.

Remember:

  • It is important to know your lipoprotein (a) level;
  • Regular preventive check-ups allow you to detect elevated lipoprotein (a) level early and take steps to control it;
  • Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease reduces the risk of serious complications;
  • A healthy lifestyle plays a key role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with elevated lipoprotein (a) level.

 

Important : This article is for informational purposes and is not a medical consultation. Please contact your doctor for consultation and diagnosis.

CAST-test - identification of drug allergy

A drug allergy is an immune system’s reaction to medication, resulting from hypersensitivity to a particular drug that is perceived by the immune system as a harmful substance. People with a drug allergy can experience symptoms regarding different drugs, from antibiotics to anesthetics. Drug allergy symptoms range from mild to extremely severe life-threatening conditions such as anaphylactic shock. This is why timely and accurate diagnosis of drug allergy is extremely important.

Haptoglobin: key to the diagnosis and monitoring of haemolysis and inflammation

Haptoglobin, a free haemoglobin binding protein, plays a crucial role not only in the diagnosis and monitoring of haemolysis, but also in the assessment of inflammatory processes. Its unique properties and clinical relevance make it a valuable biomarker in various fields of medicine.

Diagnosis and monitoring of haemolysis

Low haptoglobin levels are a sign of haemolysis, a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed. Measuring haptoglobin allows doctors to quickly diagnose haemolysis and determine its severity. In addition, monitoring haptoglobin is useful for evaluating the effectiveness of haemolysis treatment.

Assessment of inflammation

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein, meaning its levels increase in response to inflammation. Measurement of haptoglobin can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Crohn's disease. Its level may correlate with disease activity and can be used to assess the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment.

Differential diagnosis of anaemias

Haptoglobin can help differentiate haemolytic anaemia from other types of anaemia such as iron deficiency anaemia or anaemia of chronic disease. Low haptoglobin levels indicate haemolytic anaemia, while normal or elevated levels may indicate other causes of anaemia.

Diagnosis and assessment of the severity of liver disease

Low haptoglobin levels can be a sign of liver disease, especially chronic diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis. Measuring haptoglobin can help doctors diagnose liver disease and assess its severity. Lower levels are usually associated with more severe liver damage.

Conclusion

Haptoglobin is a significant biomarker for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of haemolysis and inflammatory diseases. Its measurement provides clinicians with the information needed to make informed decisions and provide optimal patient care. Understanding the role of haptoglobin in these processes is critical to improving treatment outcomes and reducing the burden of various diseases

Chronic kidney disease: An invisible but serious threat

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming increasingly common around the world, posing a serious threat to public health and the economy. It is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function and can progress slowly over many years, sometimes without even noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, CKD can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure and cardiovascular disease, if not detected and controlled in a timely manner.

The problem is in the numbers

Data from the World Health Organisation show that about 840 million people in the world suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Kazakhstan, one in ten people suffer from the disease, but only one in seven is diagnosed with CKD. Today, about 3,600 Kazakhstan citizens, including more than 80 children, are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant.

Causes and risk factors

Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and obesity are the main causes of CKD. Other factors such as genetics, inflammatory diseases, unhealthy habits and long-term exposure to toxins can also increase the risk of developing CKD.

Diagnosis and treatment

Several key tests are used for laboratory diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to determine kidney function, creatinine levels, and other important parameters:

  • Creatinine in the blood: Creatinine, a metabolic product formed in muscle tissue, is normally excreted through the kidneys. Elevated blood creatinine levels may indicate impaired kidney function as the kidneys become less able to remove it from the body.
  • Assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR): This test assesses how well the kidneys are filtering blood. The CKD-EPI formula is used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate in adults and the Schwartz formula in children. The normal CBF is about 90-120 ml/min/1, 73 m².
  • Urine albumin-creatinine ratio: Urine albumin levels may be elevated in the presence of kidney damage, which can be an early sign of CKD. This test is often used to detect proteinuria.
  • Measurement of electrolytes (sodium, potassium and others) in the blood: CKD can cause disturbances in the balance of electrolytes in the body, so measuring their levels in the blood is important to assess kidney health.

These tests allow physicians to assess kidney function and detect the presence or progression of CKD. The results of laboratory tests can also be used to select appropriate treatment and monitor the effectiveness of ongoing therapy.

Instrumental diagonstics of CKD:

  • Kidney ultrasound (U/S);
  • Computed tomography;
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Radiography with injection of contrast agents:

Treatment is aimed at slowing the progression of the disease, controlling symptoms and preventing complications. This may include medication, lifestyle changes and in some cases even dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Challenges and prospects

Although medicine has made considerable achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD, it remains a public health challenge. Improving access to healthcare and educating the public about risk factors and prevention methods can play a key role in reducing the prevalence of this disease.

Conclusion

CKD is a serious public health problem that requires a comprehensive approach by the medical community, society and government agencies. Providing resources for early diagnosis, public education and affordable treatment are key steps to reducing the health impact of CKD.